fa اثر جایگزینی میلورم (Tenebrio molitor) با پودر ماهی بر عملکرد رشد و پاسخ ایمنی در جیره غذایی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio) تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> این پژوهش با هدف بررسی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">امکان جایگزینی بخشی از پودر ماهی، به عنوان یک منبع پروتئینی گران&shy; قیمت وابسته به منابع دریایی با میلورم (</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Tenebrio molitor</span></span></span></i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">جبره غذایی ماهی کپور معمولی (</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyprinus carpio</span></span></span></i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) انجام شد. افزایش هزینه &shy;های تولید</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;و نگرانی&shy; های پایداری زیست&shy;محیطی ناشی از برداشت بی رویه منابع دریایی، استفاده از منابع پروتئینی جایگزین مانند حشرات را ضروری ساخته است. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش &shy;ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در این مطالعه پنج جیره آزمایشی با سطوح مختلف جایگزینی (0 و 25 و 50 و 75 و 100% جایگزینی پودر ماهی با میلورم) با حفظ سطح پروتئین خام 32%&nbsp; فرموله شدند. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نتایج نشان داد</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که جایگزینی تا سطح 50% اثر معنی &shy;داری بر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عملکرد</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">رشد (نرخ افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی) نداشت (0/05</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">p</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">). با این</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">حال، سطوح بالای جایگزینی (75% و 100%) منجر به کاهش معنی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دار در نرخ رشد و ضریب تیدیل غذایی گردید</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(0/05</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">p</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">). تجزیه و تحلیل شاخص &shy;های خونی نشان داد که سطوح پایین &shy;تر جایگزینی تاثیر مثبتی بر وضعیت سلامتی ماهیان دارد، به&shy; طوری</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که سطوح گلوکز و کلسترول تام</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گروه 50% بهبود</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافت</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(0/05</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">p</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">).</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">همچنین فعالیت</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آنزیم&shy; های کبدی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">AST, ALT</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) در گروه &shy;هایی که پودر ماهی به</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">طور کامل حذف شده بود، افزایش یافت که نشان&shy; دهنده فشار متابولیکی بیشتر است</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(0/05</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">p</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بحث و نتیجه&shy; گیری:</span></span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> این مطالعه نشان می&shy;دهد که میلورم یک جایگزین بالقوه و پایدار برای تامین بخشی از پروتئین مورد نیاز در جیره غذایی ماهی کپور است، اما برای دستیابی به عملکرد بهینه رشد، نیاز به بهینه&shy;سازی دقیق&shy;تر فرمولاسیون جیره به</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ویژه تعادل اسیدهای آمینه ضروری دارد.</span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Introduction:</span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> This study aimed to investigate the possibility of partially replacing fishmeal, an expensive protein source dependent on marine resources, with mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) in the diet of common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>). Increasing production costs and environmental sustainability concerns due to overexploitation of marine resources have necessitated the use of alternative protein sources such as insects. </span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Materials </span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">&</span></b><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> In this study, five experimental diets were formulated with different levels of substitution (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement of fishmeal with mealworm) while maintaining a crude protein level of 32%. </span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> The results showed that substitution up to 50% had no significant effect on growth performance (weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio) (p>0.05). However, higher levels of replacement (75% and 100%) resulted in significant reductions in growth rate and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Analysis of blood parameters showed that lower levels of replacement had a positive effect on the health status of the fish, as glucose and total cholesterol levels improved in the 50% group (p<0.05).&nbsp; Liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT) also increased in the groups where fish meal was completely removed, indicating greater metabolic stress (p<0.05). </span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:&quot;B Nazanin&quot;"></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">This study shows that mealworm<b> </b>is a potential and sustainable alternative to provide part of the protein required in the diet of carp, but to achieve optimal growth performance, there is a need for more precise optimization of the diet formulation, especially the balance of essential amino acids.</span></span></span></div> میلورم, پودر ماهی, کپور معمولی, عملکرد رشد, پاسخ ایمنی Mealworm, Fishmeal, Common Carp, Growth performance, Immune response 27 32 http://journalaer.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-89&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohsen Barkhordar محسن برخوردار mohsen.barkhordar@gmail.com 10031947532846001167 10031947532846001167 Yes