fa بررسی توارث مقاومت به شته روسی گندم Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) در دو رقم زراعی گندم نان فلات و آزادی تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div> <table align="center" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 0in 12px; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> شته روسی گندم</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(<i>Diuraphis</i> <i>noxia</i> (Modvilko)) </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;یکی از آفات مهم غلات در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان، موجب کاهش عملکرد دانه شدیدی در گندم </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i> L.)</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و جو </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(<i>Hordeum</i> <i>vulgare</i> L.)</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> می</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شود. یکی از مهم</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ترین روش</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های کنترل خسارت این آفت بهره</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری از ارقام مقاوم می</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">باشد. شناسایی ژن</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های جدید مقاومت به شته روسی گندم محافظت بیش</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تری را در مقابل بیوتیپ</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها یا نسل</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های بیماری</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زای جدید حشره ممکن است فراهم نماید. مقاومت ژنتیکی به شته روسی گندم در گنجینه وراثتی گندم، جو و چاودار شناسایی شده است و چندین ژن مقاومت برای به</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نژادی ارقام زراعی در دسترس می</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> به</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">منظور بررسی توارث مقاومت به شته روسی گندم، دو رقم گندم مقاوم فلات و آزادی با رقم حساس پیشتاز تلاقی داده شدند. برای هر تلاقی جمعیت</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">F1</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">F2</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">F3</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> (در مورد تلاقی ارقام آزادی و پیشتاز) و بک کراس</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها به</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دست آمدند. این نسل</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها به همراه والدین مقاوم و حساس در شرایط گلخانه کاشته و در مرحله گیاهچه ای با شته روسی آلوده شدند. بیست و یک روز پس از آلوده</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سازی، خسارت ناشی از تغذیه شته به روش کیفی و بر اساس میزان پیچیدگی و کلروز برگ</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها اندازه</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری شد. نحوه توارث مقاومت با استفاده از نسبت</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های مندلی در نسل</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">F2</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">F3</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">&nbsp; و بک کراس</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج:</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نتایج حاصل از روش مندلی نشان داد که هر دو صفت میزان پیچیدگی و کلروز برگ ارقام آزادی و فلات به</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ترتیب با یک ژن اصلی غالب و مغلوب کنترل می</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بحث و نتیجه</span></span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری:</span></span></span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> از آن</span></span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">جایی</span></span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که هر دو جزء مقاومت با یک ژن اصلی کنترل می</span></span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شود، استفاده از دو رگ</span></span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری و گزینش در طول نسل</span></span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های مختلف می</span></span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تواند در انتقال مقاومت به ارقام مورد نظر راهگشا باشد.</span></span></span></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div> <table align="center" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 0in 12px; text-align: justify;" valign="top"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Introduction:</span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), <i>Diuraphis noxia </i>(Mordvilko), is a major pest of cereal crops in many countries of the world, causing serious reduction in grain yield in wheat </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">(<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)</span> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">and barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.). Incorporating genetic resistance to <i>D. noxia</i> into wheat cultivars is paramount to effectively reduce damage inflicted by this pest. The availability of more resistance genes to RWA may provide additional protection from new virulent strains or biotypes of the insect. Genetic resistance to <i>D. noxia</i> has been identified in wheat, barley and rye germplasm and several resistance genes are available for use in cultivar improvement. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Materials & Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> In order to determine the inheritance of RWA resistance, two resistant Iranian bread wheat cultivar &lsquo;Falat&rsquo; and &lsquo;Azadi&rsquo; have crossed with the susceptible cultivar &lsquo;Pishtaz&rsquo;. For each cross, the F₁, F₂, F₃ (in the case of Azadi&times;Pishtaz cross) and backcross (BCR and BCS) generations were produced. These generations therewith resistant and susceptible parents were cultured in the green-house conditions and were infected with RWA. Twenty-one days after infection, damages caused by aphid feeding were measured based on the leaf curling and leaf chlorosis of resistant and susceptible types following insect challenge. The resistance inheritance was considered by using Mendelian ratios in the F₂, F₃ and backcross generations. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="page-break-after:avoid"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black"> The obtained results were determined that both of studied traits, the leaf curling and leaf chlorosis, in &lsquo;Azadi&rsquo; and &lsquo;Falat&rsquo; cultivars are controlled by one dominant major gene and recessive major gene, respectively.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Since the both components of resistance are controlled with a major gene, using of hybridization and selection along different generations may be constructive in transfer of resistance to the intended cultivars.</span></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> پیچیدگی برگ, توارث, شته روسی گندم, کلروز برگ, گندم, مقاومت Inheritance, Leaf chlorosis, Leaf curling, Resistance, Russian wheat aphid, Wheat 65 70 http://journalaer.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-53&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Tohid Salehi توحید صالحی salehi.tohid@gmail.com, t.salehi@qaemiau.ac.ir 10031947532846001219 10031947532846001219 Yes Tohid Najafi Mirak توحید نجفی میرک 10031947532846001220 10031947532846001220 No Mohammad Reza Bihamta محمدرضا بی همتا 10031947532846001221 10031947532846001221 No Islam Majidi Heravan اسلام مجیدی هروان 10031947532846001222 10031947532846001222 No