fa مقایسه پرورش کپور معمولی خارج از فصل با روش مرسوم در سیستم پرورش کپورماهیان در استان خوزستان تخصصي Special مروری Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:19.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ماهی کپور معمولی (</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Cyprinus carpio</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) یکی از مهم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ترین گونه &shy;های پرورشی گرمابی در دنیاست در توسعه سیستم آبزی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پروری پایدار تامین بچه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ماهی در تمام طول سال یکی از نیازمندی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های این بخش می</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">باشد. کپورمعمولی در مناطق گرمسیری در سنین کم و وزن پایین به بلوغ می</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">رسد. در این مطالعه از بچه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ماهیان کپورمعمولی خارج از فصل در مقایسه با روش مرسوم پرورش استفاده شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:19.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 4 استخر 2 هکتاری برای پرورش در نظر گرفته شد. بچه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ماهیان کپور معمولی از دو تکثیر بهار و خارج از فصل (پاییز) برای ذخیره</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سازی در سیستم پرورش با تراکم مرسوم استفاده شد. شروع دوره پرورش در تکثیر خارج از فصل و بهاره به ترتیب</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فروردین</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خرداد انجام شد. در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بررسی بچه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ماهی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کپورمعمولی به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">صورت توام با گونه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کپور</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نقره</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ای، کپور</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سرگنده، و روهو</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کشت گردید. 6850 قطعه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ماهی در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">2</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">هکتار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ذخیره</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سازی شد. ترکیب کشت کپورمعمولی، کپور</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نقره</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ای، کپور</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سرگنده، و روهو در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کپور خارج از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فصل به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ترتیب 32، 23، 5 و 40 درصد با وزن اولیه کپورمعمولی در تکثیر خارج از فصل و تکثیر بهار به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ترتیب 20 و 6 گرم بود. از غذای پلت فرورونده برای کپورمعمولی با درصد پروتئین 26 درصد با دفعات تغذیه دوبار در روز برای تغذیه ماهیان استفاده شد. شاخص</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های آب در طول دوره پرورش بررسی شد. شاخص‌های تغذیه و رشد که شامل ضریب رشد ویژه (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">SGR</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، ضریب</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تبدیل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">غذایی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">FCR</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، درصد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">وزن</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">WG</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)،</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درصد بازماندگی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">SVR</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، میزان رشد روزانه (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">FI</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، ضریب بازده پروتئین (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PER</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">چنین سنجش شاخص</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های اقتصادی که شامل ضریب تبدیل اقتصادی و شاخص سود (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">P</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) محاسبه شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:19.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نتایج نشان داد که شاخص</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های رشد و تغذیه اختلاف معنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داری را در طول دوره پرورش نشان ندادند. ضریب</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تبدیل غذایی در کپور خارج از فصل کم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تر از پرورش کپورمعمولی تکثیر بهاره بود. ضریب تیدیل اقتصادی و شاخص سود در تکثیر خارج از فصل در مقایسه با کپور بهاره اختلاف معنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داری را نشان داد (0/05</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">P<</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">). دوره پرورش در کپورمعمولی خارج از فصل کوتاه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تر و در شهریور به وزن مطلوب رسیدند درحالی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که در کپور تکثیر بهار دوره طولانی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تر و در انتهای پاییز به وزن بازاری رسیدند. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بحث و نتیجه</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری: </span></span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج به</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دست آمده نشان داد که بهره</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مندی از کپورمعمولی خارج از فصل می</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تواند در افزایش بهره</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">وری تولید و کوتاه کردن دوره پرورش نقش داشته باشد.</span></span></span></span></div> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Introduction: </span></b><span lang="EN">Common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) is one of the most important </span>warm waters cultured<span lang="EN"> fish species in the world. In</span> Development of a sustainable aquaculture system requires year-round fry and fingerlings production of fish.<span lang="EN"> Common carp in tropical and subtropical areas reach maturity at a young age and low weight.</span> <span lang="EN">In this study, out-of-season common carp fingerligs were used compared to the conventional culture method.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="color:black">Materials & Methods:</span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt">4 ponds of 2 hectares were selected for cultivation.</span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt">Common carp fingerlings from spring and off-season (autumn) reproductions were used for stocking in the rearing system with conventional density. The beginning of culture period in off-season and spring propagation was done in April and June, respectively. In this study, common carp fingerlings were cultured together with silver carp, big head carp, and rohu species. 6850 fingerling fish were stocked in two hectares. The composition of common carp, silver carp, big head carp, and rohu in off-season carp was 32, 23, 5, and 40%, respectively, with the initial weight of common carp in off-season breeding and spring breedingwas 20 and 6 grams, respectively.</span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt">Sinking pellet food for common carp with a protein percentage of 26% was used to feed with twice a day. Water parameters were measured during the rearing period. Nutrition and growth parameters including specific growth ratio (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain percentage (WG), survival percentage (SVR), daily growth rate (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER) were investigated, as well as economic indicators including economic conversion factor and profit index (P) calculated.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Result: </span></b><span lang="EN">The results showed that the growth and nutrition indicators did not show significant differences during the culture period. The food conversion rate in off-season carp was lower than the normal culture of spring breeding carp. Economic coefficient and profit index in off-season breeding compared to Spring carp showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The rearing period in common carp outside the season was shorter and they reached the desired weight in September, while in spring breeding carp, the breeding period was longer and they reached market weight at the end of autumn.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%">The obtained results showed that the use of common carp in the off-season can contribute to increasing production and shortening the culture period.</span></span></span></p> خارج از فصل, پرورش, بهار, کپور معمولی, رشد Out of season, Culture, Spring, Common carp, Growth 87 92 http://journalaer.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-25&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohammad Yooneszadeh Feshalami محمد یونس زاده فشالمی m_yooneszadeh@yahoo.com 10031947532846001385 10031947532846001385 Yes Seyed Abdol Saheb Mortezavi سیدعبدالصاحب مرتضوی 10031947532846001386 10031947532846001386 No Fatemeh Hekmatpur فاطمه حکمت پور 10031947532846001387 10031947532846001387 No Samira Nazemroaya سمیرا ناظم رعایا 10031947532846001388 10031947532846001388 No Ayeh Sadr آیه صدر 10031947532846001389 10031947532846001389 No Mansour Sharifian منصور شریفیان 10031947532846001390 10031947532846001390 No Sadegh Saffari صادق صفاری 10031947532846001391 10031947532846001391 No