Journal of Animal Environmental Research
پژوهش های محیط زیست جانوری
Journalaer
Basic Sciences
http://journalaer.com
1
admin
3115-7904
10.22034/aer
fa
jalali
1404
12
1
gregorian
2026
3
1
2
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
شناسایی گونه Plasmodium به عنوان عامل بیمارگر بالقوه برای کرم غوزه پنبه در شمال غرب ایران
Identification of a species of Plasmodium sp. as a potential biocontrol agent for cotton bollworm in northwest Iran
تخصصي
Special
مروری
Review
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> کرم غوزه پنبه (</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Helicoverpa armigera</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) از آفات عمده کشاورزی در دنیا و ایران می ‏باشد که لاروهای آن می ‏توانند به بیش از 120 نوع محصول</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کشاورزی ازجمله پنبه، یونجه، گوجه ‏فرنگی، سیب ‏زمینی، تنباکو، ذرت، برنج، سورگوم، انواع حبوبات، سبزیجات و چندین گیاه زینتی آسیب وارد کنند. راه ‏های مختلفی برای کنترل این آفت پیشنهاد شده است که یکی از بی‏ خطرترین آن‏ ها کنترل بیولوژیک با استفاده از عوامل میکروبی می ‏باشد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش­ ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در تحقیق حاضر طی تابستان سال ‏های 1399-1398، چندین مزرعه سبزیجات اعم از گوجه فرنگی، بادمجان و فلفل در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">استان آذربایجان‏ شرقی برای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">جمع ‏آوری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">لارو</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کرم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">غوزه پنبه<i> </i>مورد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بررسی قرار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرفت. حدود</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">52 لارو</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ظاهراً بیمار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">طور جداگانه از چندین مزرعه گوجه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فرنگی جمع</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آوری شد. لاروهای جمع‏ آوری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شده در شرایط استریل و خنک به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. نمونه ‏ها برای یافتن عوامل میکروبی مسری و کشنده مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در دوازده نمونه، هیچ</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گونه باکتری یا قارچ بیماری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زا بیمارگر حشرات جداسازی نگردید ولی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کماکان عصاره لاروهای بیمار خاصیت کشندگی سرایت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کننده از خود نشان می ‏داد. با توجه به عدم عبور عامل کشنده از فیلترهای زیستی 0/45 m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">m</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">µ</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فرضیه ویروسی بودن عامل بیماری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زا رد گردید. مطالعه میکروسکوپی نشان داد این نمونه احتمالاً حاوی نوعی تک</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">سلولی یوکاریوتیک می‏ باشد. استخراج </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">DNA</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">CTAB</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> انجام و نمونه </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">DNA</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کل (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">total-DNA</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) حاوی ژنوم حشره میزبان همراه با بیمارگر برای توالی ‏یابی کل (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Whole genome sequencing</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) ارسال گردید. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بحث و نتیجه</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری:</span></span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نتیجه آنالیزهای</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مولکولی نشان داد که به احتمال زیاد نمونه ‏های جمع‏ آوری شده آلوده به نوعی آپی کمپلکسای غیرقابل کشت از گروه هاگ‏داران جنس </span></span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Plasmodium</span></span></span></span></i><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و متعلق به </span></span></span></span><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Plasmodium yoelii</span></span></span></span></i><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> می‏ باشد. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Cotton bollworm (<i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>) is one of the major agricultural pests in the world and Iran, which larvae can damage more than 120 types of agricultural crops, including cotton, alfalfa, tomato, potato, tobacco, corn, rice, sorghum, different legumes and vegetables and several ornamental plants. Various methods have been proposed to control this pest, one of the safest of which is biological control using microbial agents.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Materials & Methods:</span></b> <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In the current research, during the summer of 2018-2019, several vegetable fields, including tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, etc., were investigated in East Azerbaijan province in Norwest Iran to collect <i>H. armigera</i> larvae. About 52 apparently diseased larvae were collected separately from several vegetable fields. The collected larvae were transferred to the laboratory under sterile and cool conditions. The samples were analyzed to find lethal infectious microbial agents.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Result: </span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In 12 samples, despite the contagious lethal property of larvae extract, no pathogenic bacteria or fungi were isolated. Due to the failure of the lethal agent to pass through the 0.45µm biological filters, the hypothesis of the virality of the pathogenic agent was rejected. Microscopic study showed that these specimens probably contain a type of eukaryotic single cell. DNA extraction was performed using CTAB method and the total-DNA sample containing the genome of the host insect along with the pathogen was sent for whole genome sequencing. </span></span></span></span><br>
<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The result showed that the collected samples are likely infected with a non-cultivable single-cell </span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span style="color:black">Apicomplexa</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> type of Plasmodium group and probably belonging to the <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> species.</span></span></span></div>
تک سلولی, بیوکنترل, سبزیجات, Plasmodium yoelii, Helicoverpa armigera
Biocontrol, Helicoverpa armigera, Vegetables, Plasmodium yoelii ,Unicellular
99
106
http://journalaer.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-12&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Parinaz
Sheibani
پریناز
شیبانی
10031947532846001268
10031947532846001268
No
Manijeh
Jamshidi
منیژه
جمشیدی
ma.jamshidi@yahoo.com
10031947532846001269
10031947532846001269
Yes
Reza
Khakvar
رضا
خاک ور
10031947532846001270
10031947532846001270
No
Sevil
Nematollahi
سویل
نعمت الهی
10031947532846001271
10031947532846001271
No