fa بررسی اثرات ضدقارچی فرم نانو و خام ژل رویال زنبورعسل بر قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاووس (Aspergillus flavus) تخصصي Special مروری Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دلیل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقاومت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روزافزون</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">باکتری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و قارچ</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیماری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زا</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آنتی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیوتیک</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">رایج، یافتن</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عوامل ضدمیکروبی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">طبیعی به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عنوان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داروهای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">جایگزین</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اهمیت دارد، از آن</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">جاکه قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاووس یکی از قارچ</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های مهم مولد تولید آفلاتوکسین می</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">باشد. در این تحقیق اثرات ضدقارچی ژل رویال زنبورعسل و مشتقات نانوکامپوزیت آن بر روی قارچ </span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Aspergillus flavus</span></span></span></i><i> </i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش&shy;ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> برای انجام این تحقیق نمونه ژل رویال از زنبورستان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های استان کرمان جمع</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آوری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">شده و در آزمایشگاه عصاره</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عمل آمد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> سپس قارچ </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">&nbsp;</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Aspergillus flavus</span></span></span></i><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در محیط اختصاصی کشت داده شده و تحت تاثیر رقت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های مختلف عصاره</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های ژل رویال، نانوکامپوزیت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های سپیولایت/ژل رویال و سپیولایت/ نیترات نقره/ ژل رویال قرار گرفت. در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نهایت </span></span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MIC</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">MFC</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نمونه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها توسط تست</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دیسک دیفوژن</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">چاهک پلیت تعیین</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گردید. اطلاعات به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دست آمده توسط نرم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">افزار</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">SAS</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> مورد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تجزیه و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تحلیل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">قرار گرفت. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اگرچه عصاره</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های ژل رویال و ترکیبات نانوی آن در مقایسه با آنتی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بیوتیک مورد استفاده بر علیه قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاووس داری خاصیت ضدقارچی کم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تری بودند (0/01</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">P<</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">). اما تاثیر معنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داری بر میزان مهار و کشندگی قارچ آسپرژیلووس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">فلاووس داشته</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">اند. به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">طوری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">که ژل رویال به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">صورت بالک و نانوکامپوزیت در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">غلظت </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mg/ml</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">۴۰۰ دارای خاصیت مهار و کشندگی بر روی قارچ مورد نظر بودند. هم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">چنین عصاره نانوکامپوزیت سپیولایت/نیترات نقره/ ژل رویال به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">میزان ناچیز اما معنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">داری اثر ضدقارچی بیش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تری نسبت به عصاره خام داشت (0/01</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">P<</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بحث و نتیجه</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری:</span></span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> بنابراین می</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">توان دریافت که ژل رویال می</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تواند به</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">عنوان یک ضدقارچ طبیعی به</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خصوص در فرم نانو مورد استفاده قرار گیرد</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria and fungi to common antibiotics, it is important to find natural antimicrobial agents as alternative drugs. Aspergillus flavus is one of the most important fungi producing aflatoxin. In this research, the antifungal effects of royal jelly and its nanocomposite derivatives on Aspergillus flavus were studied.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Materials & Methods:</span></b> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">To carry out this research, royal jelly sample was collected from bee farm in Kerman province and extracted in the laboratory. Then, Aspergillus flavus was cultured in a special environment and was affected by different dilutions of royal jelly extracts, sepiolite/royal jelly nanocomposites, and sepiolite/silver nitrate/royal jelly. </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Finally, the MIC and MFC of the samples and disk diffusion tests were determined. The obtained data were analyzed by SAS 9.1 software. </span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Result: </span></b><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">The results of this research showed that although extracts of royal jelly and its nano compounds had less antifungal properties compared to the antibiotic used against Aspergillus flavus (P<0.01). But they have had a significant effect on the inhibition and lethality of Aspergillus flavus. So that royal jelly in crude form and nanocomposite at a concentration of 400mg/ml had inhibitory and lethal properties on the target fungus. Also, the sepiolite/silver nitrate/royal jelly nanocomposite extract had slightly but significantly more antifungal effect than the crude extract (P<0.01). </span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Therefore, it can be seen that royal jelly can be used as a natural antifungal, especially in nano form.</span></span></span></div> داروی کم خطر, اثرات مهارکنندگی, آسپرژیلوس فلاووس, زنبورعسل, نانو‌ذرات Low-risk drug, Inhibitory effects, Aspergillus flavus, Honey bee, Nanocomposite 107 114 http://journalaer.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-13&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Elham Rezvannejad الهام رضوان نژاد e.rezvannejad@kgut.ac.ir 10031947532846001272 10031947532846001272 Yes Maryam Fayazi مریم فیاضی 10031947532846001273 10031947532846001273 No Batool Sadeghi بتول صادقی 10031947532846001274 10031947532846001274 No