[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
For Reviewers::
Registration::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
Indexing




..
:: Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2025) ::
Journalaer 2025, 1(4): 13-26 Back to browse issues page
The effect of processing lentil straw with urea, molasses and cellulase enzyme on chemical composition, gas production, ruminal and intestinal digestibility
Zahra Abbasinavand , Jamal Seifdavati * , Hossein Abdi benamar , Farzad Mirzaei Aghjeh Gheshlagh , Reza Seyedsharifi
Abstract:   (1040 Views)
Introduction: The optimum use of unusual and non-conventional feed sources that do not compete with human food is necessary to provide animal feed. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of lentil straw processing with urea, molasses and enzyme on chemical composition, ruminal and intestinal digestibility and invitro gas production.
Materials & Methods: Lentil straws were processed with urea, molasses and enzymes. The enzyme source was fungal cellulase and rumen liquid. The samples chemical measurements, gas production and the digestibility was determined using the rumen and postruminal digestibility by the three-step method of Gargalo.
Results: In lentil straw, the addition of all three enzymes, molasses and the combination of different levels of molasses with rumen liquid and the mixture of two enzymes and the combination of all three with a level of 4% molasses increased the digestibility of dry matter in the entire digestive system. In lentil straw, addition of molasses, rumen liquid and combination of molasses with fungal cellulase enzyme and mixture of two enzymes with different levels of molasses increased rumen digestibility of crude protein (P<0.05). In lentil straw, adding molasses only in hours 2 and 4 after incubation, the combination of fungal cellulase and a mixture of two enzymes with all three levels of molasses in hours 2, 4 and 6 after incubation and in hours 8, 10, 48, 24, 12, 72 and 96 Hour after incubation with levels of 2 and 4% molasses, an increase in gas production was observed. The results showed that the addition of 2% molasses increased the gas production potential, while the enzyme decreased it. The addition of molasses and enzyme and the combination of molasses with a mixture of two enzymes increased the constant rate of decomposition. The results showed that molasses and enzyme increased the constant rate of decomposition and 4% molasses and enzyme increased the gas production potential. The combination of molasses with fungal cellulase and the mixture of two enzymes decreased the constant rate of decomposition and gas production potential. The average laboratory digestibility of organic matter, metabolizable energy, lactation energy and short chain fatty acids among all treatments in lentil straw was significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, biotransformation of lentil straw biomass with all three types of enzymes (fungal cellulase-ruminal liquid and combination of two enzymes) along with different levels of molasses could improve its nutritional value.
Keywords: Cellulase enzyme, Digestibility, Lentil straw, Molasses, Rumen liquid, Urea
Full-Text [PDF 1198 kb]   (349 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
References
1. 1. Poppi, D.P., Norton, B.W., Minson, D.J. and Hendricksen, R.E., 1980. The validity of the critical size theory for particles leaving the rumen. Agric Sci (Camb). 94: 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600028859
2. 2. Banchorndhevakul, S., 2002. Effect of urea and urea-gamma treatments on cellulose degradation of Thai rice straw and corn stalk. Radiat Phys Chem. 64: 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806 X (01)00678-8
3. 3. Ghanbari, F., Ghoorchi, T., Shawrang, P., Mansouri, H. and Torbatinejad, N.M., 2015. Ruminal disappearance of protein and amino acids of untreated and treated canola meal with gamma ray and electron beam. Anim Prod. 17(1): 83-93. doi: 10.22059/jap. 2015. 54022. (In Persian)
4. 4. Ensminger, M.E., Oldfield, J.E. and Heinemann, W.W., 1990. Feed and Nutrition. Second edition. Ensminger publishing company. 388-389.
5. 5. Stsnton, T.L. and Whittier, J., 2007. Urea and NPN for cattle and sheep. Colorado state university. Extension. http//: www.ext.Colostate.ed/ pubs/livestock/ 01608.htm. No.1. P: 608.
6. 6. Newbold, J., 1997. Proposed mechanisms for enzymes as modifiers of ruminal fermentation. In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, Gainesville, FL, USA. 146-159.
7. 7. Beauchemin, K.A. and Rode, L.M., 1996. Use of feed enzymes in ruminant nutrition. In Rode L.M. (ed) Animal Science Research and Development Meeting Future Challenges. Proc Can Soc Anim Sci, Lethbridge. 103-130.
8. 8. Colombatto, D., Mould, F.L., Bhat, M.K., Morgavi, D.P., Beauchemin, K.A. and Owen, E., 2003. Influence of fibrolytic enzymes on the hydrolysis and fermentation of pure cellulose and xylan by mixed ruminal micro organisms in vitro. J Anim Sci. 81(4): 1040-1050. doi: 10. 2527/2003.8141040x
9. 9. Feng, P., Hunt, C.W., Pritchard, G.T. and Julien, W.E., 1996. Effect of enzyme preparations on in situ and in vitro degradation and in vivo digestive characteristics of mature cool-season grass forage in beef steers. J Anim Sci. 74: 1349-1357. doi: 10. 2 527/1996.7461349x
10. 10. Nocek, J.E., 1988. In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility, A Review. J Dairy Sci. 67: 2599-2612. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S00 22-0302(88)79781-7
11. 11. Gargallo, S., Calsamiglia, S. and Ferret. A., 2006. Technical note: A modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of proteins. J Anim Sci. 84: 2163-2167. doi: 10.2527/jas.2004-704
12. 12. SAS/STAT User's Guide. 2003. Version 9.1 Edition. SAS Inst. Cary, NC.
13. 13. Menke, K. and Steinggass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value from chemical analyses and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Develop. 28: 7-55.
14. 14. Getachew, G., Crovetto, G.M., Fondevila, M., Krishnamoorthy, U., Singh, B., Spanghero, M., Steingass, H., Robinson, P.H. and Kailas, M.M., 2002. Laboratory variation of 24 h in vitro gas production and estimated metabolizable energy values of ruminant feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 102: 169-180. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S0377-84 01(02)00212-2
15. 15. Ghiasvand, M., Rezayazdi, K. and Dehghan Banadaki, M., 2012. The effects of different processing methods on chemical composition and ruminal degradability of canola straw and its effect on fattening performance of male Holstein calves, Journal of Anim Sci Res. 22(1): 93. (In Persian)
16. 16. Van Soest, P.J., 1994. Nutrition ecology in the ruminants. Cornel university press. Ithaca, New York, Comstock publishing associate. 156-176.
17. 17. Gunun, P., Wanapat, M. and Anantasook, N., 2013. Effects of physical form and urea treatment of rice straw on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility in dairy steers. Asian-australas J Anim Sci. 26(12): 1689-1697. https://doi.org/10.5713/ ajas.2013.13190
18. 18. Mehdikhani Bazehoze, J., Yazdani, A.R., Torbatinegad, N.M. and Ghorbani, B., 2009. Effect of treating wheat straw with urea and molasses on crude protein and crude fiber of it and blood metabolites of Dalagh lamb. J Agri Sci Natural Resour. 16 ((SPECIAL ISSUE 2)): 333-337. (In Persian)
19. 19. Celik, K.I., Ersoy, E. and Savran, F., 2003. Feeding of urea treated wheat straw in Saanen goat male kids. Pakistan J Nutrition. 2: 258-261. doi: 10.3923/pjn.2003. 258.261
20. 20. Khorasani, H., Shojaeian, K., Yousef, M., Lahi, E. and Sharifi M., 2014. Effects of urea, molasses and fibrolytic enzymes on nutritional value of date palm leaves silage. Annu Res Rev Biol. 4(24): 4305-4313. doi: 10.9734/ ARRB/2014/7307
21. 21. Alikhani, M., Alamooti, A.A., Ghorbani, Gh. R. and Sadeghi, N., 2005. Effect of urea, molasses and a bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and dry matter degradability of sunflower silage. J Crop Prod. 9(3): 171-183. http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.html
22. 22. Mc Donald, L., Henderson, N. and Heron, S., 1990. The biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed., Chalcombe Pub., UK.
23. 23. De Figuerido, M. and Marais, J.P., 1994. The effect of bacterial inoculants on kikuyu silage quality. J Agric Sci Cambridge. 122: 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185 9600065795
24. 24. Alam, M.K., Ogata, Y., Sato, Y. and Sano, H., 2016. Effects of rice straw supplemented with urea and molasses on intermediary metabolism of plasma glucose and leucine in sheep. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 29(4): 523-529. https://doi.org/10.5713/ ajas.15.0358
25. 25. Alvarez, G., Pinos-Rodriguez, J.M., Herrera, J.G., Garcia, J.C., Gonzalez, S.S. and Barcena, R., 2009. Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal digestibility in steers fed high fibre rations. Livest Sci. 121: 150-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.20 08.05.024
26. 26. Gado, H.M., Salem, A.Z.M., Odongo, NE. and Borhami, B.E., 2011. Influence of exogenous enzymes ensiled with orange pulp on digestion, blood metabolites and growth performance in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 165: 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anifeedsci. 2011.02.016
27. 27. Gado, H.M., Salem, A.Z.M., Robinson, P.H. and Hasan, M., 2009. Influence of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, extent of ruminal fermentation as well as milk production and composition in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 154: 36-46. https:// doi.org/10. 1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.07.006
28. 28. Yu, P., Mckinnon, J.J. and Christensen, D.A., 2005. Improving the nutritional value of oat hulls for ruminant animals with pre-treatment of a multi-enzyme cocktail: in vitro studies. J Anim Sci. 83: 1133-1141. doi: 10.2527/ 2005.8351133x
29. 29. Titi, H.H. and Lubbadeh, W.F., 2004. Effect of feeding cellulase enzyme on productive responses of pregnant and lactating ewes and goats. Small Rumin Res. 52: 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00254-2
30. 30. Muwalla, M.M, Haddad, S.G. and Hijazeen, M.A., 2007. Effect of fibrolytic enzyme inclusion in high concentrate fattening diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Livest Sci. 255-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci. 2007.03.003
31. 31. Mahmoodi, A. and Aliarabi H., 2012. Effect of using different levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on performance of early lactation Holstein cows. Anim Sci Res. 22(2): 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2015. 09.001
32. 32. Beauchemin, K.A., Rode, L.M., Maekaw, M., Morgavi, D. and Kampen, R., 2000. Evaluation of a nonstarch polysaccharides feed enzyme in dairy cow diets. J Dairy Sci. 83: 543-553. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-03 02(00)74914-9
33. 33. Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A. and Rode, L.M., 1999. Effects of an enzyme feed additive on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 82: 391-403. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75245-8
34. 34. Kung, L.J.R., Lazartic, J., Wuerfel, R.L., Rode, L.M., Beauchemin, K.A. and Treacher, R.J., 2000. The effect of various combinations of fibrolytic enzymes on the feeding value of a TMR fed to lactating cows. J Dairy Sci 83(1): 297.
35. 35. Kung, L.J.R., Treacher, R.J., Nauman, G.A., Smagala, A.M., Endres, K.M. and Cohen, M.A., 2000. The effect of treating forages with fibrolytic enzymes on its nutritive value and lactation performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 83: 115-122. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74862-4
36. 36. Karimi, A., Safaei, A. and Aghashahi, A., 2019. Evaluation of the effect of treated maize stalklage with urea and molasses in fattening performance of Turky Ghashghaii male lambs. J Anim Environ. 11(3): 45-50. doi: 20.1001.1.27171388.1398.11.3.6.0
37. 37. Zinn, R.A. and Salinas, J., 1999. Influence of Fibrozyme on digestive function and growth performance of feedlot steers fed a 78% concentrate growing diet. in Proc. 15th Annu. Symp. Biotechnology in the Feed Industr Loughborough, Leics, UK. 313-319.
38. 38. Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A. and Rode, L.M., 2000. A comparison of methods of adding fibrolytic enzymes to lactating cow diets. J Dairy Sci. 83: 2512-2520. https://doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75143-5
39. 39. Elghandour, M.M.Y., Salem, A.Z.M., Gonzalez Ronquillo, M., Borquez, J.L., Gado, H.M., Odongo, N.E. and Penuelas, C.G., 2013. Effects of exogenous enzymes on in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of four fibrous feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 179: 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2012.11.010
40. 40. Soltani Naseri, K., Ghanbari, F., Bayat Kouhsar, J. and Taliey, F., 2018. Effect of Chemical and Biological Processing Methods on Chemical Composition, Gas Production Parameters and In Vitro Digestibility of Cicer Arietinum Wastes. Res Anim Prod. 9(22): 72-82. doi: 10. 29252/rap.9.22.72
41. 41. Shoryabi, Z., 2014. Study of chemical composition and nutritive value of treated sesame straw by using in vitro gas production method. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences. ISSN 2322-5149.
42. 42. Mohammadabadi, T. and Chaji, M., 2011. Effect of exogenous enzyme on in vitro fermentation of sesame straw by rumen bacteria culture. J Appl Anim Res. 39: 161-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2011.565227
43. 43. Gemeda, B.S., Hassen, A. and Odongo, N.E., 2014. Effect of fibrolytic enzyme products at different levels on in vitro ruminal fermentation of low-quality feeds and total mixed ration. J Anim Plant Sci. 24(5): 1293-1302. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43587
44. 44. Yang, H.E, Son, Y.S. and Beauchemin, K.A., 2011. Effects of exogenous enzymes on ruminal fermentation and degradability of alfalfa hay and rice straw. Asian Aust J Anim Sci. 24: 56-64. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas. 2011.90369
45. 45. Sujani, M., Piyasena, T., Seresinhe, T., Pathirana, I. and Gajaweera, Ch., 2016. Supplementation of rice straw (Oryza sativa) with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes improves in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 41: 4. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1 503-8
46. 46. Mashayekhi, M.R., Fazaeli, H. and Zahedifar, M., 2007. Effect of Urea-Molasses on the Nutritive Value of Roughage Based Ration Incubated in Buffaloe Rumen Liquor. Ital J Anim Sci. 6: 454-457. doi: 10.4081/ijas. 2007.s2.454
47. 47. Dryhurst, D. and Wood, C.D., 1998. The effect of nitrogen source and concentration on in vitro gas production using rumen micro-organisms. Anim Feed Sci Techno. 71: 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401 (97)00124-7
48. 48. Yulistiani, D., Jelan, Z.A., Liang, J.B., Yaakub dan, H. and Abdullah, N., 2007. Penggunaan teknik in vitro produksi gas untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh supplementasi molasses pada pakan basal campuran jerami dan hijauan murbei (Morus alba). JITV 12(4): 255-261.
49. 49. Wolin, M.J., 1960. A theoretical rumen fermentation balance. J Dairy Sci. 43: 1452-1459.
50. 50. Getachew, G., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K., 1998. The in vitro gas coupled with ammonia measurement for evaluation of nitrogen degradability in low quality roughages using incubation medium of different buffering capacity. J Sci Food Agric. 77: 87-95. https://doi.org/10. 1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199805)77:1<87:AID-SFA7>3.0. CO;2-X
51. 51. Mould, F.L., Kliem, K.E., Morgan, R. and Mauricio, R.M., 2005. In vitro microbial inoculum: A review of its function and properties. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 123-124: 31- 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.028
52. 52. Bueno, I.C.S., Sergio Calbral Filho, S.L.S., Gobbo, S.P., Louvandini, H., Vitti, D.M.S.S. and Abdalla, A.L., 2005. Influence of inoculum source in a gas production method. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 124: 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2005.05.003
53. 53. Hervas, G., Frutusos, P., Giraldez, F.J., Mora, M.J., Fernandez, B. and Mantecon, A.R., 2005. Effect of preservation on fermentative activity of rumen fluid inoculum for in vitro gas production techniques. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 123-124: 107-118. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.004
54. 54. Ehsani, P., Teimouri, Yansari, A.A., Chashnidel, Y. and Ghorbani, G., 2019. The effect of Particle size and harvesting steps of forage corn on silage characteristics, digestibility and Nutrients consumption of Holstein dairy cows. J Anim Environ. 11(2): 53-62.
55. 55. Shahraki, E. and Saravani, M., 2013. A Study on the Effects of Urea and Molasses on the Nutritional Value of Nutgrass (Cyperus Rotundus) Forage Silos of Sistan Region. Int Res J Applied. 6 (12): 1793-1800.
56. 56. Xing, L., Chen, L.J. and Han, L.J., 2009. The effect of an inoculants and enzymes on fermentation and nutritive value of sorghum straw silages. J Bio Tech. 100: 488-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.017
57. 57. Parand, E. and Taghizadeh, A., 2011. Examination of digestibility of processed barley grain with different methods, using gas production technique with two sources of inocola. Anim Sci Res. 20-24(2): 1-13.
58. 58. Naraghi Rad, Z., Ghoreishi, S. and Kargar, S., 2021. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Pomegranate Byproducts in Ruminant diet. J Anim Environ. 13(2): 67-74. doi: 10.22034/aej.2021.135375
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA



XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Abbasinavand Z, seifdavati J, Abdi benamar H, Mirzaei Aghjeh Gheshlagh F, Seyedsharifi R. The effect of processing lentil straw with urea, molasses and cellulase enzyme on chemical composition, gas production, ruminal and intestinal digestibility. , Journalaer. 2025; 1 (4) :13-26
URL: http://journalaer.com/article-1-43-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2025) Back to browse issues page
پژوهش های محیط زیست جانوری Journal of Animal Environmental Research
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.21 seconds with 39 queries by YEKTAWEB 4780