1. 1. Uni, Z. and Ferket, R.P., 2004. Method for early nutrition and potential. World`s Poultry Science Journal. 60: 101-111. doi: 10.1079/WPS20040009

2. 2. NRC (National Research Council). 1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry.9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington DC.

3. 3. Shabani, R., Fakhraei, Z.J., Mansoor-Yarahmadi, H. and Seidavi, A.R., 2020. The effects of various sources of selenium supplements on performance, carcass characteristics, the population of ileum bacteria, blood parameters, liver enzymes, hormonal activities, and antioxidant activities of blood plasma in broiler chickens. Animal Environmental Journal. 12(3): 85-96. doi: 10. 22034/AEJ.2020.110689 (In Persian)

4. 4. Javandel Soume-Sarai, F., Shakouri, M.D. and Seidavi, A.R., 2023. The effect of vitamin C and formic acid on performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of broilers under heat stress. Animal Environmental Journal. 14(4): 125-134. doi: 10.22034/AEJ.2022.321034.2722 (In Persian)

5. 5. Nessabian, Sh., Zarei, A., Chamani, M., Sadeghi, A.A. and Seidavi, A.R., 2021. Effects of different levels of zinc-glycine and zinc hydroxide on the performance, carcass quality, immunity and duodenum morphometric of the broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 20(1): 1791-1800. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2021.1953408

6. 6. Chand, N., Ali, P., Alhidary, I.A., Abdelrahman, M.A., Albadani, H., Khan, M.A. and Khan, R.U., 2021. Protective effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed powder and zinc-glycine complex on growth traits and gut health of broilers following Eimeria tenella challenge. Antibiotics. 10(2): 186. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10020186

7. 7. Huang, Y.L., Lu, L., Luo, X.G. and Liu, B., 2007. An optimal dietary zinc level of broiler chicks fed a corn soybean meal diet. Poultry Science. 86(12): 2582-2589. doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00088

8. 8. Gore, A.B. and Qureshi, M.A., 1997. Enhancement of humoral and cellular immunity by vitamin E after embryonic exposure. Poultry Science. 76(7): 984-991. doi: 10.1093/ps/76.7.984

9. 9. Ferket, P.R., 2006. Incubation and in ovo nutrition affect neonatal development. In 33rd Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference. 26: 18-28.

10. 10. Peebles, E.D., 2018. In ovo applications in poultry: a review. Poultry Science. 97(7): 2322-2338. doi: 10.3382/ ps/pey081

11. 11. Omidi, S., Ebrahimi, M., Janmohammadi, H., Moghaddam, G., Rajabi, Z. and Hosseintabar Ghasemabad, B., 2020. The impact of in ovo injection of l‐arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 104(1): 178-185. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13222.

12. 12. Gholami, J., Qotbi, A.A., Seidavi, A., Meluzzi, A., Tavaniello, S. and Maiorano, G., 2015. Effects of in ovo administration of betaine and choline on hatchability results, growth and carcass characteristics and immune response of broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science.14(2): 3694. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3694

13. 13. Zhai, W., Bennett, L.W., Gerard, P.D., Pulikanti, R. and Peebles, E.D., 2011. Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates on somatic characteristics and liver nutrient profiles of broiler embryos and hatchlings. Poultry Science. 90(12): 2681-2688. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01532

14. 14. McGruder, B.M., Zhai, W., Keralapurath, M.M., Bennett, L.W., Gerard, P.D. and Peebles, E.D., 2011. Effects of in ovo injection of electrolyte solutions on the pre-and posthatch physiological characteristics of broilers. Poultry Science. 90(5): 1058-1066. doi: 10.3382/ ps.2010-00893

15. 15. Tufarelli, V., Ghane, F., Shahbazi, H.R., Slozhenkina, M., Gorlov, I., Viktoronova, F.M., Seidavi, A. and Laudadio, V., 2022. Effect of in ovo injection of some

16. B-group vitamins on performance of broiler breeders and their progeny. World's Poultry Science Journal. 78(1): 125-138. doi: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2003169

17. 16. Hassan, A.M., 2018. Effect of in ovo injection with nano-selenium or nano-zinc on post-hatch growth performance and physiological traits of broiler chicks. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 3(2): 239074. doi: 10.22161/ijeab/3.2.6

18. 17. Sogunle, O.M., Elangovan, A.V., David, C.G., Ghosh, J. and Awachat, V.B., 2018. Response of broiler chicken to in ovo administration of inorganic salts of Zinc, Selenium and Copper or their combination. Slovak Journal of Animal Science. 51(1): 8-19.

19. 18. Sahr, W.B., Odutayo, O.J., Sogunle, O.M., Ayo-Ajasa, O.Y., Fafiolu, A.O. and Fatunmbi, F.A., 2020. Effects of in ovo injection of inorganic salts of Zn, Cu and Mn on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of broiler chickens in the tropics. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science. 22(1): 113-125.

20. 19. Tako, E., Ferket, P.R. and Uni, Z., 2005. Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter mRNA expression and small intestinal functionality following intra-amniotic zinc-methionine administration. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 16(6): 339-346. doi: 10.1016/j. jnutbio.2005.01.002

21. 20. Kim, H.J. and Kang, H.K., 2022. Effects of In ovo Injection of Zinc or Diet Supplementation of Zinc on Performance, Serum Biochemical Profiles, and Meat Quality in Broilers. Animals. 12(5): 630. doi: 10.3390/ ani12050630

22. 21. Mcquoid, D., 2000. Operation of multiple-stage and single-stage incubation systems. World Poultry. 18(2).

23. 22. Zaker-Esteghamati, H., Seidavi, A.R. and Bouyeh, M., 2021. The effects of Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum on growth, carcass and organ characteristics, immunity, blood constitutes, liver enzymes, jejunum morphology, and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers. Food Science and Nutrition. 9(12): 6692-6706. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2620

24. 23. Belali, M., Seidavi, A.R. and Bouyeh, M., 2021. Effects of short-term and combined use of thyme powder and aqueous extract on growth performance, carcass and organ characteristics, blood constituents, enzymes, immunity, intestinal morphology and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers. Large Animal Review. 27(4): 223-232.

25. 24. Del Puerto, M., Cabrera, M.C. and Saadoun, A., 2017. A note on fatty acids profile of meat from broiler chickens supplemented with inorganic or organic selenium. International Journal of Food Science. 7613069: 1-8. doi: 10.1155/2017/7613069

26. 25. Kralik, Z., Kralik, G., Biazik, E., Straková, E. and Suchý, P., 2013. Effects of organic selenium in broiler feed on the content of selenium and fatty acid profile in lipids of thigh muscle tissue. Acta Veterinaria Brno. 82(3): 277-282. doi: 10.2754/avb201382030277

27. 26. Batal, A.B., Parr, T.M. and Baker, D.H., 2001. Zinc bioavailability in tetrabasic zinc chloride and the dietary zinc requirement of young chicks fed a soy concentrate diet. Poultry Science. 80(1): 87-90. doi: 10.1093/ps/80. 1.87

28. 27. Bou, R., Guardiola, F., Barroeta, A.C. and Codony, R., 2005. Effect of dietary fat sources and zinc and selenium supplements on the composition and consumer acceptability of chicken meat. Poultry Science. 84: 1129-1140. doi: 10.1093/ps/84.7.1129

29. 28. Salim, H.M., Lee, H.R., Jo, C., Lee, S.K. and Lee, B.D., 2012. Effect of dietary zinc proteinate supplementation on growth performance, and skin and meat quality of male and female broiler chicks. British Poultry Science. 53: 116-124. doi: 10.1080/00071668. 2012.658757

30. 29. Norouzi, E., Daneshyar, M., Farhoomand, P., Aliakbarlu, J. and Hamian, F., 2014. Effect of zinc acetate and magnesium sulfate dietary supplementation on broiler thigh meat colour, nutrient composition and lipid peroxidation values under continuous heat stress condition. Annals of Animal Science. 14(2): 353-363. doi: 10.2478/aoas-2014-0013

31. 30. Lina, T., Jiang, J., Zhu, F., Ren, H. and Li, W., 2009. Effect of nano-zinc oxide on the production and dressing performance of broiler. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 1-5.