Journal of Animal Environmental Research
پژوهش های محیط زیست جانوری
Journalaer
Basic Sciences
http://journalaer.com
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admin
3115-7904
10.22034/aer
fa
jalali
1404
12
1
gregorian
2026
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پایش و ارزیابی عوامل خطر محیطی و مدیریتی مؤثر در مزرعه تولید قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) عاری از عوامل بیماری زای خاص (SPF)
Monitoring and evaluation of effective environmental and management risk factors in the selected farm of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production of SPF in Tonekabon City, Mazandaran province
تخصصي
Special
مروری
Review
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:19.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این پژوهش به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">منظور پایش و ارزیابی عوامل خطر محیطی و مدیریتی در مزرعه منتخب تولید قزل ­آلای رنگین ­کمان عاری از عوامل بیماری ­زای خاص </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">SPF</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در شهرستان تنکابن، استان مازندران انجام شد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:19.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">برای این منظور، متغیرهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی و میکروبی آب ورودی و خروجی مزرعه شامل اکسیژن محلول، دما، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pH</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، نیتریت، نیترات، آمونیوم، آمونیاک و کل باکتری ­ها به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مدت 6 ماه از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خرداد تا آبان 1396 براساس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش ­های</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">استاندارد مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. هم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">چنین ماهیان موجود جهت بررسی احتمال آلودگی به ویروس ­های </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">IPN</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">IHN</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">VHS</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نمونه ­برداری شدند. مزرعه مورد بررسی دارای دو ورودی آب رودخانه و چشمه و نهر و دو خروجی آب رودخانه و چشمه و نهر بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:19.0pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">میانگین دما، اکسیژن محلول، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pH</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، نیتریت، نیترات، آمونیوم، آمونیاک و کل باکتری­ های­ آب ورودی رودخانه مزرعه به ترتیب 1/14</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">15/86</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درجه­ سانتی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گراد، 0/28</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/98 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">لیتر، 0/26</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/36، 0/02</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/1 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/2</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">1/42 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/03</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/04 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/03</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/03 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر و 221/17 واحد پرگنه در میلی ­لیتر و برای آب خروجی رودخانه مزرعه به ­ترتیب 0/970</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">16/27 درجه ­سانتی­ گراد، 0/27</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/72 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/18</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/26، 02/02</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/0 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/36</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">1/88 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/1</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/14 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/1</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/14 میلی­ گرم در لیتر و 411/17 واحد پرگنه در میلی ­لیتر بود</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">هم­ چنین، میانگین دما، اکسیژن محلول، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pH</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، نیتریت، نیترات، آمونیوم، آمونیاک و کل باکتری­ های­ آب ورودی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">چشمه و نهر مزرعه به ­ترتیب 0/73</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">16/5 درجه ­سانتی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گراد، 0/19</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/82 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/19</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/14، 023/</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/1 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر 0/83</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">2/6 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/12</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/13 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/11</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/13 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر و 68/67 واحد پرگنه در میلی ­لیتر و برای آب</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خروجی چشمه و نهر مزرعه به ­ترتیب 1/01</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">16/08 درجه ­سانتی ­گراد، 0/21</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/7 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/26</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/15، 02/02</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/0 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/67</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">3/07 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 0/18</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/21 میلی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">­</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گرم در لیتر، 1/17</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">±</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">0/2 میلی ­گرم در لیتر و 0/186 واحد پرگنه در میلی ­لیتر بود. براساس داده ­های به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دست ­آمده، مقادیر </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">pH</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و آمونیاک آب به­ عنوان عوامل خطر برای آب رودخانه و چشمه و نهر در این مزرعه محسوب شدند. به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">علاوه، آزمایش ­های ویروس­ شناسی نیز نشان­ دادند که ماهیان پرورشی مزرعه آلوده به ویروس­ های </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">IPN</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">IHN</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">VHS</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نبودند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بحث و نتیجه</span></span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری:</span></span></span></span></b> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" baran="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به­ طورکلی، فراسنجه ­های محیطی و مدیریتی در مزرعه منتخب شهرستان تنکابن، استان مازندران برای پرورش قزل ­آلای رنگین­ کمان عاری از عوامل بیماری ­زای خاص مناسب و قابل قبول ارزیابی شدند.</span></span></span></span></div>
پایش و ارزیابی, عوامل خطر محیطی و مدیریتی, قزل آلای رنگین کمان, SPF
51
60
http://journalaer.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-40&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Saltanat
Najjar Lashgari
سلطنت
نجار لشگری
1003194753284600521
1003194753284600521
No
Masoud
Kousha
مسعود
کوشا
masoudkousha76@mail.com
1003194753284600522
1003194753284600522
Yes
Mehdi
Mohammad Alikhani
مهدی
محمدعلی خانی
1003194753284600523
1003194753284600523
No