1. 1. Du, J., Yi, M., Xi, D., Wang. S., Liu, B., Shao, X., Liang, Y., He, X., Fang, J. and Fang, J., 2023. Satellite glial cells drive the transition from acute to chronic pain in a rat model of hyperalgesia priming. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 16: 1-13. doi.org/10.3389/ fnmol.2023.1089162.

2. 2. Mohammadi, S., Zarei, M., Zarei, M.M. and Salehi, I., 2016. Effect of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Rhus Coriaria on pain in male rats. Anesthesiology and pain medicine. 6(1): 1-5. doi: 10.5812/aapm.32128.

3. 3. Skindar, H., Jaspreet, K., Singh, B.S. and Deepak, K., 2022. Evaluation of Chronic Constriction Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain Using Chrysin in Rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 56(3): S462-S468. doi: 10.5530/ijper. 56.3s.154.

4. 4. Hong, J.S., Feng, J.H., Park, J.S., Lee, H.J., Lee, J.Y., Lim, S.S. and Suh, H.W., 2020. Antinociceptive effect of chrysin in diabetic neuropathy and formalin-induced pain models. Animal Cells and Systems. 24(3): 143-150. doi.org/10.1080/19768354. 2020.1765019.

5. 5. Soya, S. and Sakurai, T., 2020. Evolution of orexin neuropeptide system: structure and function. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 14: 1-9. doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00691.

6. 6. Ten-Blanco, M., Flores, Á., Cristino, L., Pereda Pérez, I. and Berrendero, F., 2023. Targeting the orexin/hypocretin system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: From animal to clinical studies. Front Neuroendocrinol. 69: 101066. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101066.

7. 7. Tsunematsu, T. and Yamanaka, A., 2012. The role of orexin/hypocretin in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Vitamins & Hormones. 89: 19-33. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394623-2.00002-0.

8. 8. Shin, H., Kim, J., Choi, S.R., Kang, D.W., Moon, J.Y., Roh, D.H., Bae, M., Hwang, J. and Kim, H.W., 2023. Antinociceptive effect of intermittent fasting via the orexin pathway on formalin-induced acute pain in mice. Scientific Reports. 13(1): 20245. doi.org/10.1038/s4159 8-023-47278-3.

9. 9. Nahon, J.L., Joly, C., Levan, G., Szpirer, J. and Szpirer, C., 1992. Pro-melanin-concentrating hormone gene (PMCH) is localized on human chromosome 12q and rat chromosome 7. Genomics. 12(4): 846-848. doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(92)90323-K.

10. 10. Jang, J.H., Park, J.Y., Oh, J.Y., Bae, S.J., Jang, H., Jeon, S., Kim, J. and Park, H.J., 2018. Novel analgesic effects of melanin-concentrating hormone on persistent neuropathic and inflammatory pain in mice. Scientific Reports. 8(1): 707. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19145-z.

11. 11. Nezhaddadgar, L., Mahmoudi1, F. and Khazali, H., 2024. Effects of dopamine and L-dopa on ghrelin gene expression in the hypothalamus and ovary in a polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 28(6): 1-11. http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-7361-en.html.

12. 12. Bagheripoor, M., Khazali, H., Mahmoudi, F. and Samiee, K., 2018. The effects of morphine sulphate on hypothalamic glutamate levels and serum LH hormone concentration in male rats. Journal of Animal Environment. 10(2): 45-50. 20.1001.1.27171388.1397. 10.2.6.1 (In Persian)

13. 13. Fathalipour, M., Delnavazi, M.R., Safa, O., Zarifinia, N. and Rafiee, B., 2020. Antioxidant and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic root extract of Asparagus officinalis L. Physiology and Pharmacology. 24(4): 322-330. doi.org/ 10.32598/ppj.24.4.30

14. 14. Medina, J.H., Paladini, A.C., Wolfman, C., de Stein, M.L., Calvo, D., Diaz, L.E. and Peña, C., 1990. Chrysin (5, 7-di-OH-flavone), a naturally-occurring ligand for benzodiazepine receptors, with anticonvulsant properties. Biochemical pharmacology. 40(10): 2227-2231. doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(90)90716-X.

15. 15. Lu, X., Geng, X., Zhang, L., Zeng, Y., Dong, H. and Yu, H., 2009. Substance P expression in the distal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons & spinal trigeminal nucleus in formalin-induced the orofacial inflammatory pain in rats. Brain research bulletin. 78(4-5): 139-144. 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.11.011.

16. 16. Haghighat, K.H, Mahmoudi, F., Bayrami, A. and Zahri, S., 2020. Influences of L-DOPA and blocking popamine receptors on aromatase gene expression and serum concentration of LH in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences. 10(3): 2448-2455. https://orcid.org/0000-0001. 6092-1352.

17. 17. Wang, D., Pan, X., Zhou, Y., Wu, Z., Ren, K., Liu, H., Huang, C., Yu, Y., He, T., Zhang, X. and Yang, L., 2023. Lateral septum-lateral hypothalamus circuit dysfunction in comorbid pain and anxiety. Molecular Psychiatry. 28(3): 1090-1100. doi.org/10.1038/s41380. 022-01922-y.

18. 18. Plaza-Zabala, A., Flores, Á., Maldonado, R. and Berrendero, F., 2012. Hypocretin/orexin signaling in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is essential for the expression of nicotine withdrawal. Biological Psychiatry. 71(3): 214-223. doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.025.

19. 19. Lungwitz, E.A., Molosh, A., Johnson, P.L., Harvey, B.P., Dirks, R.C., Dietrich, A., Minick, P. and Shekhar, A., 2012. Truitt, W.A., Orexin-A induces anxiety-like behavior through interactions with glutamatergic receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of rats. Physiology & behavior. 107(5): 726-732. doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.019.

20. 20. Usui, M., Kaneko, K., Oi, Y. and Kobayashi, M., 2019. Orexin facilitates GABAergic IPSCs via postsynaptic OX1 receptors coupling to the intracellular PKC signalling cascade in the rat cerebral cortex. Neuropharmacology.149: 97-112. doi.org/10.1016/j. neuropharm.2019.02.012.

21. 21. Li, Y.F., Jackson, K.L., Stern, J.E., Rabeler, B. and Patel, K.P., 2006. Interaction between glutamate and GABA systems in the integration of sympathetic outflow by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 1(6): H2847-H2856. doi.org/10.1152/ ajpheart.00625.2005.

22. 22. Eyigor, O., Minbay, Z. and Kafa, I.M., 2012. Glutamate and orexin neurons. Vitamins & Hormones. 89: 209-22. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394623-2.00011.1.

23. 23. Saito, Y.C., Tsujino, N., Hasegawa, E., Akashi, K., Abe, M., Mieda, M., Sakimura, K. and Sakurai, T., 2013. GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area send direct inhibitory projections to orexin neurons. Frontiers in neural circuits. 7: 192. doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2013. 00192.

24. 24. Goudet, C., Magnaghi, V., Landry, M., Nagy, F., Gereau, I.V. R.W., Pin, J.P., 2009. Metabotropic receptors for glutamate and GABA in pain. Brain research reviews. 60(1): 43-56. doi.org/10.1016/j. brainresrev.2008.12.007.

25. 25. Bortolotto, V.C., Araujo, S.M., Pinheiro, F.C., Poetini, M.R. and de Paula, M.T., 2020. Meichtry, L.B., de Almeida, F.P., Musachio, E.A., Guerra, G.P., Prigol, M., Modulation of glutamate levels and Na+, K+-ATPase activity contributes to the chrysin memory recovery in hypothyroidism mice. Physiology & behavior. 222: 112892. doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112892.

26. 26. Rayiti, R.K., Munnangi, S.R., Bandarupalli, R., Chakka. V., Nimmagadda, S.L., Sk, L.S., Uppalapati, S., Bolla, R. and Challa, S.R., 2020. Effect of chrysin on mechanical hyperalgesia in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rat model. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research. 10(3): 189. doi: 10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR.58.19

27. 27. Cunningham, J.r.E.T. and Sawchenko, P.E., 1988. Anatomical specificity of noradrenergic inputs to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. Journal of comparative neurology. 274(1): 60-76. doi.org/10.1002/cne.902740107.

28. 28. Yang, J., Yuan, H.F., Liu, W.Y., Zhang, X.X., Feng, J.P., Ni, N., Yang, D.W., Song, C.Y., Xu, H.T., Wang, G. and Song, C., 2009. Norepinephrine regulates arginine vasopressin secretion in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus relating with pain modulation. Neuropeptides. 43(4): 259-265. doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2009.06.003.

29. 29. Li, A.J., Wang, Q., Elsarelli, M.M., Brown, R.L. and Ritter, S., 2015. Hindbrain catecholamine neurons activate orexin neurons during systemic glucoprivation in male rats. Endocrinology. 156(8): 2807-2820. doi.org/10.1210/ en.2015.1138.

30. 30. Farkhondeh, T., Samarghandian, S., Azimin-Nezhad, M. and Samini, F., 2015. Effect of chrysin on nociception in formalin test and serum levels of noradrenalin and corticosterone in rats. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine. 8(2): 2465. PMCID: PMC4402837.

31. 31. Torterolo, P., Benedetto, L. and Monti, J.M., 2016. Functional interactions between MCHergic and dopaminergic neurons: role in the control of wakefulness and sleep. Dopamine and Sleep: Molecular, Functional, and Clinical Aspects. 47-63. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319. 46437-4.4.

32. 32. Taylor, A.M., Becker, S., Schweinhardt, P. and Cahill, C., 2016. Mesolimbic dopamine signaling in acute and chronic pain: implications for motivation, analgesia, and addiction. Pain. 157(6): 1194. doi: 10.109 7/j.pain.0000000000000494.

33. 33. Ahmed, M.R., Shaikh, M.A., Haq, S.H. and Nazir, S., 2018. Neuroprotective role of chrysin in attenuating loss of dopaminergic neurons and improving motor, learning and memory functions in rats. International Journal of Health Sciences. 12(3): 35-43. doi.org/10CorpusID: 4835 2700.

34. 34. He, X., Li, Y., Zhang, N., Huang, J., Ming, X., Guo, R., Hu, Y., Ji, P. and Guo, F., 2022. Melanin-concentrating hormone promotes anxiety and intestinal dysfunction via basolateral amygdala in mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13: 1-17. doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022. 906057.

35. 35. Chee, M.J., Hebert, A.J., Briançon, N., Flaherty, S.E., Pissios, P. and Maratos-Flier, E., 2019. Conditional deletion of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 from GABAergic neurons increases locomotor activity. Molecular Metabolism. 29: 114-123. doi.org/10.1016/j. molmet.2019.08.018.